费托蜡催化裂化反应生产清洁汽油的热力学分析

费托蜡主要由链烷烃组成，不含硫、氮等杂原子，是生产清洁汽油的优质原料。由于缺少芳烃和环烷烃，费托蜡催化裂化过程需要强化异构化、芳构化反应以实现降低汽油馏分烯烃含量、保持高辛烷值的目标。对费托蜡为原料的催化裂化反应体系进行热力学分析，重点计算了不同温度下生成汽油馏分主要烃类的反应焓变和反应平衡常数。研究结果表明，以大分子链烷烃为主的费托蜡，其裂化吸热反应焓变约为80 kJ/mol，反应平衡常数随温度的升高而增大，高温有利于一次裂化反应。对于异构化反应，主要是大分子链烷烃裂化为烯烃，再由烯烃分子转化为异构烷烃，因此对于异构化反应，可以通过优化反应器促进汽油烯烃的转化。在考察温度范围内，烯烃环化反应平衡常数随温度升高而减小，环烷烃脱氢芳构化反应平衡常数随温度升高而增大，所以适宜的反应温度是制约进一步增加汽油中芳烃的重要因素。     

高掺量橡胶集料水泥砂浆收缩性能研究

为研究高掺量橡胶粉与膨胀剂对水泥砂浆收缩性能的影响,在水泥砂浆中分别单掺10％、20％、30％(体积分数)的20目(0.83 mm)、50目(0.27 mm)橡胶粉和4％、7％、10％(质量分数)的膨胀剂,在此基础上进行正交试验,测试复掺橡胶粉及膨胀剂砂浆的自由收缩性能.结果 表明:单掺时,水泥砂浆的自由收缩率随橡胶粉粒径减小、掺量增大而减小;20目橡胶粉掺量在30％、50目橡胶粉掺量大于10％、膨胀剂掺量为4％时,自由收缩率显著降低;复掺时,影响自由收缩的主要因素是橡胶粉;28 d前膨胀剂对自由收缩的影响较为明显,高掺量橡胶粉补偿后期收缩的作用显著,且对同期膨胀剂有一定促进作用;膨胀剂发挥最佳补偿收缩作用的掺量为2％,这一结果为膨胀剂在干旱地区橡胶砂浆中的应用提供了依据.     

超级电容器用solvent-in-salt型电解液的研究进展

Solvent-in-salt (SIS)型电解液作为一类新型超浓缩电解液，主要由水或者有机溶剂和易溶盐组成，具有溶液溶剂化程度小、自由溶剂分子少、电化学窗口宽、电化学稳定性高等特点，在超级电容器中显示了独特的优势并展现了良好的应用前景。本文重点综述了SIS型电解液的原理和优势，梳理了近年来SIS作为超级电容器电解液的研究进展，总结了其存在的问题，同时展望了SIS型电解液未来的发展方向。     

A computer aided design method for car form and its application based on shape parameters

In the early design stage, automotive modeling should both meet the requirements of aesthetics and engineering. Therefore, a vehicle CAD (computer aided design) model that can be easily adjusted by feedbacks is necessary. Based on CE-Bézier surface, this paper presents a set of algorithms for parametric segmentation and fairing surface generation in a car model. This model is defined by a simplified automotive template and relevant control points, shape parameters and segmentation parameters, which can be modified to alter the car form efficiently. With this model and the corresponding adjustment method, more than fifty various vehicle models are established in this research according to different parameters. And two methods for calculating similarity index between car models are constructed, which are suitable for brand design trend analysis and modelling design decisionmaking.     

改性秸秆去除水体污染物的研究进展

水体污染物的高效去除是水生态持续健康发展中亟待解决的问题,而固载吸附是重要的治理途径。农作物秸秆因来源广及结构特殊等特点,受到研究者的广泛关注,用于开发新型高效吸附剂。综述了近年来改性秸秆在去除水体中重金属离子、有机污染物以及阴离子等方面的研究进展,并指出了改性秸秆吸附应用存在的不足及今后的研究方向,为开发新型秸秆吸附剂及农作物秸秆的高效利用提供参考。     

Experimental Investigations of the Flow Field Structure and Interactions between Sectors of a Double-Swirl Low-Emission Combustor

In this paper,the flow field characteristics of a double-swirl low-emission combustor were analyzed by using Particle Imaging Velocimetry(PIV)technology in an optical three-sector combustor test rig.The interactions between sectors and the flow field structure were explained.The results illustrated that there was a big difference between the flow field structures of the middle sector and the side sector under the same pressure drop,which was mainly induced by the interactions between sectors.The interactions made the swirl intensity of the middle sector weaker than that of the side sector,which made the recirculation zone of the middle sector be smaller than that of the side sector.With the increase of swirler pressure drop,the jet velocity at the exit of the swirler,the jet expansion angle,the width of the recirculation zone and the recirculating speed of the central axis became larger,enhancing the interactions between air streams from middle sector and side sector.The flow velocity in the central plane between sectors was small,especially the radial velocity,mainly because of the loss of the swirl intensity by the interactions between flow field of adjacent sectors.The expansion angle determined the position of the vortex in the primary recirculation zone;the axial and radial position of the vortex move downstream and radial outward with the increase of the jet expansion angle.The results of the mechanism of flow field organization in this study can be used to support the design of new low-emission combustor.     

Combined constant speed control method for a wind generator equipped with hydraulic energy storage

A wind generator equipped with hydraulic energy storage (WG‐HES) uses hydraulic transmission systems instead of gearbox transmissions, thus eliminating high‐power converters and reducing the tower‐top cabin weight. When there is no wind or the wind speed is extremely low, the pressured oil released by accumulators is used to drive a motor to operate at a constant speed, thereby generating constant‐frequency power. However, few studies have examined the constant speed control characteristics for generating electricity using only an accumulator group. In this study, a combined constant speed (CCS) proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control method based on “variable displacement and throttling” is proposed, which includes two closed loops and one regulating loop. First, a simulation model of the CCS PID control method for a variable motor was established in the Simcenter Amesim program. The influence of different PID parameters on the anti‐interference ability of the constant speed control of the motor was analyzed under a given load step. Then, we obtained the range of control parameter values and a set of optimal values. Second, the effectiveness of the CCS control method and the accuracy of the simulation results were verified on a 600‐kW WG‐HES system prototype. The results verified that the CCS control method has good anti‐interference ability and can meet the requirements of constant speed control for a variable motor under the best PID parameters. These results can provide a basis for developing control strategies for WG‐HESs when there is no wind or at low wind speeds.     

区域电网高频切机防线一体化监视与预警系统设计与应用

分析了西北电网存在的高频风险和纳入高频切机防线的安全自动装置的调管情况，从保障大送端电网频率安全的实际应用需求出发，设计了网省两级调度中心高频切机防线一体化监视与预警系统的软硬件框架。阐述了实现该系统的几项关键技术，包括基于服务总线的高频切机信息交换、高频切机策略通用化建模、高频可切机总量统计。介绍了该系统在西北电网的工程实践应用情况。试运行结果表明，该系统软件能够自动结合安全自动装置的高频切机策略模型和实际运行状态，实现对各区域电网各轮次高频切机总量的精确统计，当任一地区任一轮次高频切机总量越限时能够向调度员及时告警。     

重力坝坝基多斜面抗滑稳定模糊体系可靠度研究

以基岩具有多斜面、多滑移通道的某实际重力坝工程为例,基于刚体极限平衡法,采用模糊理论和几种典型的体系可靠度计算方法,研究其典型坝段的坝基深层抗滑稳定模糊体系可靠度,探讨模糊理论中隶属函数形式、隶属度以及隶属函数中关键参数的取值对可靠度计算结果的影响。研究结果表明,采取限制失效概率模糊界限比的方法可使计算结果更具有参考性,考虑模糊性的抗滑稳定可靠指标的下限较常规可靠度计算值偏小,这在重力坝坝基抗滑稳定分析中应引起重视。     

Quantitatively exploring the relationship between eye movement and driving behavior under the effect of different complex diagrammatic guide signs

Complex diagrammatic guide signs (DGSs) are widely used. To study the influence of DGSs with different complexities on drivers’ cognition, four types